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Wauwilermoos internment camp
Wauwilermoos was an internment respectively a Prisoner-of-war penal camp during World War II in Switzerland, situated in the municipalities of Wauwil and Egolzwil in the Canton of Luzern. Established in 1940, Wauwilermoos was a penal camp for internees, priorly for Allied soldiers during World War II, among them members of the United States Army Air Forces, who were sentenced for attempting to escape from other Swiss camps for interned soldiers, or other offenses. In addition to Hünenberg and Les Diablerets, Wauwilermoos was one of three Swiss penal camps for internees that were established in Switzerland during World War II. The intolerable conditions were later described by numerous former inmates, by various contemporary reports and studies.
== Background ==
During World War II more than 100,000 mainly Allied soldiers were interned in Switzerland. Internees from England, France, Poland and Russia, and Italians and Germans who fled combat, the Swiss government had to – unlike civilians, for instance Jews refugees, who usually were sent back to the territories occupied by the Nazi regime – keep these soldiers interned until the end of the hostilities, in line to the Geneva Convention of 1929. The soldiers were held in barracks, and they were used as workers for agriculture and industry, except the officers who not were compelled to forced labour and stayed in unoccupied mountain hotels, mainly in Davos.〔
From 1943 Switzerland shot down American and British aircraft, mainly bombers, overflying Switzerland during World War II: six aircraft by Swiss Air Force fighters and nine by anti-aircraft cannons; 36 airmen were killed. On 1 October 1943 the first American bomber was shot down near Bad Ragaz: Only three men survived. Besides, there were 137 emergency landings to May 1945. The officers were interned in Davos, airmen in Adelboden. The representative of the U.S. military intelligence in Bern, U.S. military attaché Barnwell R. Legge, instructed the soldiers not to flee, but the majority of the soldiers thought it was a diplomatic joke. Soldiers who were caught after their escape from the internment camp, were detained in the prison camp Wauwilermoos near Luzern.
On 1 October 1944 Switzerland housed in all 39,670 internees: 20,650 from Italy, 10,082 from Poland, 2,643 from the United States, 1,121 (including five Australians) from the United Kingdom, 822 from the Sovietunion and 245 from France. In September the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was commissioned by the U.S. supreme command to organize the escapes of 1,000 American internees, but the task was not effetively executed before assumably late winter 1944/45.〔 p. 189–242.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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